Biomedical Waste
Definitions
· "Bio-medical
waste" means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities.
· "Bio-medical
waste treatment facility" means any facility wherein treatment, disposal
of bio-medical waste or processes incidental to such treatment or disposal is
carried out.
Duty of Occupier
· It
shall be the duty of every occupier of an institution generating bio-medical
waste which includes a hospital, nursing home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary
institution, animal house, pathological laboratory, blood bank by whatever name
called to take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled without any
adverse effect on human health and the environment.
Treatment & Disposal
· Every
occupier is required to arrange for bio-medical waste treatment facilities like
incinerator, autoclave, microwave system for the treatment of waste, or, ensure
requisite treatment of waste at a common waste treatment facility or any other
waste treatment facility.
Segregation, Packaging, transportation & Storage
· Bio-medical
waste shall not be mixed with other wastes.
· Bio-medical
waste shall be segregated into containers/bags at the point of the generation
prior to its storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal.
· The
containers shall be labeled properly.
· If a
container is transported from the premises where biomedical waste is generated
to any waste treatment facility outside the premises, the container shall carry
appropriate information’s required.
· As
per the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 untreated biomedical waste shall be
transported only in the vehicles authorized by competent authority.
· No
untreated bio-medical waste shall be kept stored beyond a period of 48 hours,
if it is required to store beyond 48 hours, the generator must take permission
from an authorized person and take measures to ensure that the waste does not
adversely affect human health and the environment.
Annual Report
· Every
occupier/operator shall submit an annual report to the prescribed authority in
Form 11 by 31 January every year, to include information about the categories
and quantities of biomedical wastes handled during the preceding year.
· The
prescribed authority shall send this information in a compiled form to the
Central Pollution Control Board by 31 March every year.
Maintenance of Records
· Every
authorized person shall maintain records related to the generation, collection,
reception, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal and/or any form of
handling of bio-medical waste in accordance with these rules and any guidelines
issued.
· All
records shall be subject to inspection and verification by the prescribed
authority at any time.
Accident Reporting
· When
an accident occurs at any institution or facility or any other site where
bio-medical waste is handled or during transportation of such waste, the
authorized person shall report the accident in Form III to the prescribed
authority.
Color Coding and Type of Container for Disposal of Bio-Medical
Wastes
Color Coding
|
Type of Container & Waste Category
|
Yellow
|
Plastic
bag – Category 1, 2, 3 & 6
|
Red
|
Disinfected
Container / Plastic Bag – Category 3, 6 & 7
|
Blue
/ White
|
Plastic
Bag / Puncture Proof Container – Category 4 & 7
|
Black
|
Plastic
Bag – Category 5, 9 & 10
|
Categories of Biomedical Waste
- · Chemicals treatment using at least 1% hypochlorite solution or any other equivalent chemical reagent.
- · It must be ensured that chemical treatment ensures disinfection.
- · Shredding must be such so as to prevent unauthorized reuse.
- · There will be no chemical pretreatment before incineration.
- · Chlorinated plastics shall not be incinerated.
- · Deep burial shall be an option available only in towns with population less than five lakhs and in rural areas
Waste Category No.
|
Waste Category [Type]
|
Treatment & Disposal
|
Category
No 1
|
Human
Anatomical Waste (human tissues, organs, body parts)
|
Incineration/Deep
Burial
|
Category
No 2
|
Animal
Waste
|
Incineration/Deep
Burial
|
Category
No 3
|
Microbiology
& Biotechnology Waste (Wastes from Lab)
|
Incineration/Auto
Clave/Micro Wave
|
Category
No 4
|
Waste
sharps (Needles, Syringes)
|
Disinfection/Micro
Wave/Shredding
|
Category
No 5
|
Discarded
Medicines
|
Incineration/Landfill
|
Category
No 6
|
Solid
Waste(Items contaminated with blood, and body fluids including cotton,
dressings, soiled plaster casts, lines, beddings, other material contaminated
with blood)
|
Incineration/Auto
Clave/Micro Wave
|
Category
No 7
|
Solid
Waste (wastes generated from disposable items other than the sharp wastes
|
Disinfection/Micro
Wave/Shredding
|
Category
No 8
|
Liquid
Waste (waste generated from laboratory and washing, cleaning, housekeeping
and disinfecting activities)
|
Disinfection/Micro
Wave/Shredding
|
Category
No 9
|
Incineration
Ash (ash from incineration of any bio-medical waste)
|
Landfill
|
Category
No 10
|
Chemical
Waste (chemicals used in production of biological’s, chemicals used in
disinfection, as insecticides, etc.)
|
Chemical
Treatment/Landfill
|
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